Question Easy:
A 28-year-old woman who is 30 weeks pregnant presents to the antenatal clinic for a routine check-up. What is the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy?
A) Folic acid deficiency
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
C) Iron deficiency
D) Thalassemia
E) Haemolysis
Question Medium:
A 32-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 2, presents to the hospital in active labour with contractions every 3 minutes. She is at 39 weeks gestation and reports her water breaking 2 hours ago. On vaginal examination, she is found to be 5 cm dilated, and the fetal monitoring shows a heart rate of 170 bpm with reduced variability and late decelerations. What is the most appropriate immediate management?
A) Continuous electronic fetal monitoring
B) Give oxytocin to augment labour
C) Perform an emergency caesarean section
D) Administer IV fluids and monitor closely
E) Administer intramuscular corticosteroids
Question Hard:
A 29-year-old woman with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with amenorrhea and hirsutism. Blood tests show a raised testosterone level, and her ultrasound scan reveals bilateral ovarian enlargement with multiple follicles. Considering her desire for future fertility, which of the following treatments is the most appropriate to initiate for her condition?
A) Regular exercise and weight loss
B) Oral contraceptive pill
C) Clomifene citrate
D) Metformin
E) Spironolactone
Explanations & Answers:
Question Easy Answer: C) Iron deficiency
Question Easy Explanation: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia during pregnancy, primarily due to the increased iron demands of the growing fetus and placenta and increased maternal blood volume. NICE guidelines recommend screening and supplementation to prevent and treat iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. 🩸
Question Medium Answer: C) Perform an emergency caesarean section
Question Medium Explanation: The presence of late decelerations, reduced variability, and a tachycardic fetal heart rate suggest fetal distress. Immediate caesarean section is indicated to prevent further fetal compromise, aligning with NICE guidelines which recommend this action when there is evidence of fetal distress during labour.
Question Hard Answer: C) Clomifene citrate
Question Hard Explanation: For women with PCOS wishing to conceive, clomifene citrate is used as a first-line treatment to induce ovulation. According to NICE guidelines, this is an appropriate choice due to its effectiveness in stimulating ovulation.
Medical fact of the day: Did you know that the uterus can expand up to 500 times its original size during pregnancy? This incredible adaptability supports the growing fetus and ensures a safe environment throughout gestation. 🤰
Quote of the day: “In the realm of healing, sincerity is the strongest remedy; practice it with every patient you meet.”